Enzon Pharmaceuticals Inc.

Merck & Co., Inc. , d.b.a. Merck Sharp & Dohme, MSD outside the United States and Canada, is an American pharmaceutical company and is one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world.

Amgen, Inc. is a biotechnology medicines company, which discovers, develops, manufactures and markets medicines for grievous illnesses. The company focuses on human therapeutics and concentrates on innovating novel medicines based on advances in cellular and molecular biology. It markets recombinant protein therapeutics in supportive cancer care, nephrology and inflammation. The company's products include Neulasta, a pegylated protein, based on the Filgrastim molecule and NEUPOGEN, a recombinant-methionyl human granulocyte colony stimulating factor both of which selectively stimulate the production of neutrophils; Enbrel, an inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor, a substance that plays a role in the body's response to inflammatory diseases; Sensipar/Mimpara, a small molecule calcimimetic that lowers serum calcium levels; Vectibix, a monoclonal antibody that binds specifically to the epidermal growth factor receptor; and Nplate, a thrombopoietin receptor agonist that mimics endogenous TPO, the primary driver of platelet production. Amgen was founded by William K. Bowes, Jr., Franklin Pitcher Johnson, Jr., George B. Rathmann and Joseph Rubinfeld on April 8, 1980 and is headquartered in Thousand Oaks, CA.

Novartis AG is a holding company, which engages in the development, manufacture, and marketing of healthcare products. It operates through the following segments: Innovative Medicines, Sandoz, and Corporate. The Innovative Medicines segment researches, develops, manufactures, distributes and sells patented pharmaceuticals, and is composed of two business units: Novartis Oncology and Novartis Pharmaceuticals. The Sandoz segment develops, manufactures and markets finished dosage form medicines as well as intermediary products including active pharmaceutical ingredients. The Corporate segment refers to group management and central services. The company was founded on February 29, 1996 and is headquartered in Basel, Switzerland.