CSCIM is an active manager which manages the superannuation schemes, aiming to maximize long-term real returns with acceptable risk. They are required by legislation to invest through investment managers and appoint investment managers which specialize in investing in particular asset classes. They provide investment guidelines and direction to each of the investment managers.The firm's investment team provides investment advice to the Board, implements and manages Board investment decisions and monitors, reviews and reports investment performance. They invest in a diverse portfolio of assets including Australian equities, international equities, private capital, direct real estate, infrastructure, credit, fixed-income, alternatives and cash. Analysis of ESG exposures and risks is a part of their risk management.CSIM's investment objectives specify the target levels of portfolio risk and return, aiming to achieve an average real return of 4.5% per annum after tax and fees over the long term. Consistent with the mid-point of the Reserve Bank's inflation target range of 2% to 3%, this equates to an average nominal return of 7% per annum over the long term. To achieve this objective, on average, nominal Fund returns are expected to be positive in 24 out of every 30 years (positive returns in 16 of every 20 years), which is the preferred risk measurement period standard recommended by the Financial Services Council, the Association of Superannuation Funds of Australia and the Australian Securities and Investments Commission. To manage the level of short-term volatility of returns and maintain appropriate levels of liquidity in the CSS Fund, the target asset allocation to illiquid assets is limited to around 25% of the Fund's investments, with a rebalancing range of plus or minus 10% around that target.